Moving to Spain from the UK: A Comprehensive Guide to Post-Brexit Rules and Residency Options
- Off Grid Only Spain
- Mar 21
- 3 min read
Introduction
Since Brexit, the process of moving to Spain from the UK has changed significantly. British citizens are now considered third-country nationals, meaning they no longer have automatic rights to live and work in Spain. Instead, they must meet stricter visa and residency requirements.
Whether you’re planning to retire, work remotely, or start a business in Spain, understanding the available visa options, financial requirements, and legal considerations is crucial.
In this guide, we’ll break down the most important residency pathways, the latest regulatory changes, and key steps to ensure a smooth transition to life in Spain.
1. Visa and Residency Options for British Citizens
Non-Lucrative Visa (NLV) – Best for Retirees and Passive Income Earners
The Non-Lucrative Visa (NLV) is designed for individuals who can financially support themselves without working in Spain. It is a popular choice for retirees and those with passive income sources (such as rental properties, pensions, or investments).
Key Requirements:
Proof of financial stability: Minimum annual income of €28,800 for the main applicant, plus €7,200 per dependent.
Private health insurance: Must be fully comprehensive and valid in Spain.
No employment allowed: You cannot work in Spain, either remotely or for a Spanish company.
Residency requirement: Must stay in Spain for at least 183 days per year.
Visa validity: Initially issued for one year, renewable for two-year periods.
Work Visa – For Employment or Self-Employment
If you wish to work in Spain, you will need a work visa, which falls into two categories:
1. Employment-Based Visa (for Employees)
Requires a job offer from a Spanish employer.
The employer must apply for a work permit on your behalf.
The position must be listed as a ‘shortage occupation’ or prove that no EU candidates were suitable.
Issued for one year initially, renewable annually.
2. Self-Employment Visa (for Business Owners & Freelancers)
Requires a detailed business plan proving your venture is viable.
Must show sufficient financial means to sustain your business and living costs.
You need permits and licenses relevant to your business sector.
Proof of client contracts or business activity may be required.
Digital Nomad Visa – For Remote Workers
Introduced to attract international remote workers, the Digital Nomad Visa is ideal for British citizens working for non-Spanish companies.
Eligibility Criteria:
Must prove at least one year of remote work experience.
Requires an employment contract with a non-Spanish company or a history of freelance work for international clients.
Financial requirement: Minimum annual income of €25,920.
Visa is valid for one year, renewable for up to five years.
Allows tax benefits under Spain’s Beckham Law (lower income tax rates).
Student Visa – For Studying in Spain
If you plan to study in Spain for more than 90 days, you must apply for a Student Visa.
Requirements:
Enrolment in a recognised Spanish educational institution.
Proof of sufficient funds for tuition and living expenses.
Private health insurance.
Allows limited work hours (20 hours per week).
Family Reunification Visa – For Relatives of Spanish Residents
If a close family member legally resides in Spain, you may qualify for a Family Reunification Visa.
Conditions:
The sponsor must have lived in Spain legally for at least one year and hold a residence permit valid for another year.
Eligible family members include spouses, dependent children, and dependent parents.
Golden Visa (Investor Visa) – Phasing Out in 2025
Previously, the Golden Visa allowed non-EU nationals to gain residency by investing at least €500,000 in Spanish real estate. However, the Spanish government has announced that this program will be discontinued by April 3, 2025.
2. Key Legal and Financial Considerations
Tax Residency and Financial Obligations
If you spend more than 183 days per year in Spain, you become a tax resident.
Tax residents must pay Spanish income tax on worldwide earnings.
Non-residents with Spanish properties must pay non-resident property tax.
Healthcare Requirements
Private health insurance is mandatory for all visa applicants.
Pensioners who qualify for the S1 form can access Spain’s public healthcare system.
New Housing Regulations
Spain is considering a 100% tax on properties purchased by non-EU buyers, including British citizens, to curb rising housing costs.
3. Steps to Apply for a Visa
Choose the right visa based on your purpose of stay.
Prepare required documents (passport, financial proof, medical insurance, etc.).
Apply at the Spanish consulate in the UK.
Attend a visa interview if required.
Receive approval and move to Spain.
Register with local authorities (NIE number, residency card, tax registration).
Conclusion
Moving to Spain from the UK is still possible, but it requires careful planning and meeting strict residency requirements. By choosing the right visa and preparing your application properly, you can successfully transition to your new life in Spain. As immigration laws continue to evolve, it's advisable to seek guidance from legal experts or Spanish authorities to stay up to date with the latest regulations.
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